Bahasa Indonesia old

– an Suffix -an derives nouns from verbs and to a lesser extent, from nouns, adjectives and other classes. It also occurs with  full  and  partial duplication . It has a number of different functions. It attaches to verb bases : Verb Base Meaning Noun Meaning lukis tulis minum pilih to paint to write to drink to choose lukis an tulis an minum an pilih an picture writing drink choice It acts as modifiers to another noun : barang  curian binatang  buruan rumah  sewaan budak  belian stolen  goods hunted  animals rented  house bought  slaves The followings are  action nouns that describe the action of the verb  and can occur as head of a phrase containing prepositions such as  terhadap . ancaman terhadap  pemerintah tuntutan  rakyat bantuan  bank dunia larangan  terhadap pornografi buatan  Amerika threat  on the government people’s  demand World bank  aid/help prohibition  on t...

– an Suffix -an derives nouns from verbs and to a lesser extent, from nouns, adjectives and other classes. It also occurs with  full  and  partial duplication . It has a number of different functions. It attaches to verb bases : Verb Base Meaning Noun Meaning lukis tulis minum pilih to paint to write to drink to choose lukis an tulis an minum an pilih an picture writing drink choice It acts as modifiers to another noun : barang  curian binatang  buruan rumah  sewaan budak  belian stolen  goods hunted  animals rented  house bought  slaves The followings are  action nouns that describe the action of the verb  and can occur as head of a phrase containing prepositions such as  terhadap . ancaman terhadap  pemerintah tuntutan  rakyat bantuan  bank dunia larangan  terhadap pornografi buatan  Amerika threat  on the government people’s  demand World bank  aid/hel...

-nya “-Nya” is a third person personal pronouns. It can be added to certain types of words to turn them into nouns. It can be added to adjectives. Kota itu kecil. Mereka heran melihat kecilNYA kota itu. That town is small. They were surprised to see the smallness of the town. If the adjective is in a group of words, you can add ‘nya’ to the group. So e.g.: Kota itu masih kecil. Mereka heran melihat masih kecilNYA kota itu. That town is still small. They were surprised to see that the town is still small.  (literally: ‘THE still-small[ness]’ of the town) ‘Nya’can also be added to intransitive verbs. Ada tas di WC. AdaNYA sebuah tas di WC membuat satpam curiga.  There was a bag in the toilets. The presence of a bag in the toilets made the security guard suspicious. (literally: ‘THE there-was[ness]’ of a bag) Or, if the verb in is a group of words, you can add ‘nya’ to the group: Tidak ada bantuan. Kami kecewa dengan tidak adaNYA bantuan. There isn’t any help. We were disappointe...

-nya “-Nya” is a third person personal pronouns. It can be added to certain types of words to turn them into nouns. It can be added to adjectives. Kota itu kecil. Mereka heran melihat kecilNYA kota itu. That town is small. They were surprised to see the smallness of the town. If the adjective is in a group of words, you can add ‘nya’ to the group. So e.g.: Kota itu masih kecil. Mereka heran melihat masih kecilNYA kota itu. That town is still small. They were surprised to see that the town is still small.  (literally: ‘THE still-small[ness]’ of the town) ‘Nya’can also be added to intransitive verbs. Ada tas di WC. AdaNYA sebuah tas di WC membuat satpam curiga.  There was a bag in the toilets. The presence of a bag in the toilets made the security guard suspicious. (literally: ‘THE there-was[ness]’ of a bag) Or, if the verb in is a group of words, you can add ‘nya’ to the group: Tidak ada bantuan. Kami kecewa dengan tidak adaNYA bantuan. There isn’t any he...

-i vs -kan With many verbs there is a neat contrast between  -i  and  -kan . Typically, with an “-i” verb: the Undergoer stays where it is, while the action is directed towards it. Typically, with a “-kan” verb: the Undergoer moves from one place to another, while it is caused to do or used to do the action. Ari  memasuki mesjid. Ari  memasukkan koin. Ari  entered  the mosque. Ali  inserted  a coin. The mosque stays where it is, while Ari enters it. The coin moves, when Ari inserts it. Another example of it: Bu Ani  menawari tamu itu teh. Bu Ani menawarkan  teh kepada tamu. Bu Ani  offered the guest tea. Bu Ani  offered tea to the guest.. The guest stays in one place, while this action “menawari” is directed at him/her. . The tea moves, as this action “menawarkan” is done. The endings  -i  and  -kan  do not  always  contrast in this way. On a few verbs  -i  and  -kan  have ...

-i vs -kan With many verbs there is a neat contrast between  -i  and  -kan . Typically, with an “-i” verb: the Undergoer stays where it is, while the action is directed towards it. Typically, with a “-kan” verb: the Undergoer moves from one place to another, while it is caused to do or used to do the action. Ari  memasuki mesjid. Ari  memasukkan koin. Ari  entered  the mosque. Ali  inserted  a coin. The mosque stays where it is, while Ari enters it. The coin moves, when Ari inserts it. Another example of it: Bu Ani  menawari tamu itu teh. Bu Ani menawarkan  teh kepada tamu. Bu Ani  offered the guest tea. Bu Ani  offered tea to the guest.. The guest stays in one place, while this action “menawari” is directed at him/her. . The tea moves, as this action “menawarkan” is done. The endings  -i  and  -kan  do not  always  contrast in this way. On a few verbs  -i  and...