Bahasa Indonesia old

Probably no feature of Indonesian is more difficult for foreign learners than verbs. Many students of Indonesian do find that an understanding of the grammatical system can sometimes help improve fluency, correctness and expressiveness. But knowledge of the grammatical system of a language can only complement and never substitute for accurate imitation of models and memorable repetition as tools for the attainment of practical correctness and fluency. There are three kinds of verb: 1. Helper verbs or auxiliary verbs 2. Intransitive verbs 3. Transitive verbs

Probably no feature of Indonesian is more difficult for foreign learners than verbs. Many students of Indonesian do find that an understanding of the grammatical system can sometimes help improve fluency, correctness and expressiveness. But knowledge of the grammatical system of a language can only complement and never substitute for accurate imitation of models and memorable repetition as tools for the attainment of practical correctness and fluency. There are three kinds of verb: 1. Helper verbs or auxiliary verbs 2. Intransitive verbs 3. Transitive verbs

Transitive Verbs A transitive verb is one that “looks forward” in the sense that it signifies an action that is done to someone or something. An example of a transitive verb in English is “to fell”. In English you can say: “She felled the tree.” But unlike “She died” we cannot say: *“She felled.” Actually, verbs like “to fell” are a bit of a rarity in English. As you can see, it cannot be intransitive. But most verbs in English can be either transitive or intransitive, and what’s more they look the same whether they are transitive or intransitive. Take, for example, the verb “to stop”. You can say: “The bus stopped.” Here the verb “to stop” is intransitive because it is simply signifying an action and it is “looking back” at the doer of the action, the bus. But “to stop” can also be used transitively. “He thought he could get away with it, but I stopped him.” In the latter sentence the verb “to stop” is looking forward, indicating that something was done to “him”. So far so good. N...

Transitive Verbs A transitive verb is one that “looks forward” in the sense that it signifies an action that is done to someone or something. An example of a transitive verb in English is “to fell”. In English you can say: “She felled the tree.” But unlike “She died” we cannot say: *“She felled.” Actually, verbs like “to fell” are a bit of a rarity in English. As you can see, it cannot be intransitive. But most verbs in English can be either transitive or intransitive, and what’s more they look the same whether they are transitive or intransitive. Take, for example, the verb “to stop”. You can say: “The bus stopped.” Here the verb “to stop” is intransitive because it is simply signifying an action and it is “looking back” at the doer of the action, the bus. But “to stop” can also be used transitively. “He thought he could get away with it, but I stopped him.” In the latter sentence the verb “to stop” is looking forward, indicating that something was done to...

Compound Intransitive Verb Another category of intransitive verb is the  compound  intransitive verb. A compound intransitive verb takes the form of a phrase that usually consists of two words. Grammatically the phrase is a single unit that functions exactly like an ordinary intransitive verb. Some examples of these that we have already met are: gosok gigi terima telepon main tenis (also often bermain tenis) At first glance it might seem as if  gigi, telpon  and  tenis  are objects, and that  gosok, terima  and main must be transitive verbs. But in fact the  me-  prefix that marks subjectfocus transitive verbs only rarely appears attached to the front of these phrases, and in every respect the phrases behave as if they were intransitive verbs. Other such compound intransitive verbs are: berganti pakaian to get changed (of clothes) mengisi bensin to fill up (the tank of a motor vehicle with petrol/gasoline) Compounds involving  meras...

Compound Intransitive Verb Another category of intransitive verb is the  compound  intransitive verb. A compound intransitive verb takes the form of a phrase that usually consists of two words. Grammatically the phrase is a single unit that functions exactly like an ordinary intransitive verb. Some examples of these that we have already met are: gosok gigi terima telepon main tenis (also often bermain tenis) At first glance it might seem as if  gigi, telpon  and  tenis  are objects, and that  gosok, terima  and main must be transitive verbs. But in fact the  me-  prefix that marks subjectfocus transitive verbs only rarely appears attached to the front of these phrases, and in every respect the phrases behave as if they were intransitive verbs. Other such compound intransitive verbs are: berganti pakaian to get changed (of clothes) mengisi bensin to fill up (the tank of a motor vehicle with petrol/gasoline) Compounds ...

Intransitive verbs Intransitive verb is one that “ looks back ” in the sense that it relates back to the doer of the action and not to anyone or anything else.  In other words it signifies an action that is done by someone or something , but it is not done to anyone or anything.  An example of an intransitive verb in English is the verb “to die”.  You can say:  “She died.” But you cannot say:  *“She died her husband.” Intransitive verbs take several forms in Indonesian. Some are single morphemes, others have prefixes. Some examples of single-morpheme intransitive verbs are: setuju, mandi, tidur, bangun, pergi, datang, terbang, masuk, duduk, kawin Other intransitive verbs consist of a base word plus an affix. The most common affix on intransitive verbs is the prefix  ber- , in fact most (but not all) words that have a  ber-  prefix on them are intransitive verbs. berjalan, berhenti, beristirahat, berubah, berlibur, bermain, berbicara A complicati...

Intransitive verbs Intransitive verb is one that “ looks back ” in the sense that it relates back to the doer of the action and not to anyone or anything else.  In other words it signifies an action that is done by someone or something , but it is not done to anyone or anything.  An example of an intransitive verb in English is the verb “to die”.  You can say:  “She died.” But you cannot say:  *“She died her husband.” Intransitive verbs take several forms in Indonesian. Some are single morphemes, others have prefixes. Some examples of single-morpheme intransitive verbs are: setuju, mandi, tidur, bangun, pergi, datang, terbang, masuk, duduk, kawin Other intransitive verbs consist of a base word plus an affix. The most common affix on intransitive verbs is the prefix  ber- , in fact most (but not all) words that have a  ber-  prefix on them are intransitive verbs. berjalan, berhenti, beristirahat, berubah, berlibur, ber...